{"id":1899,"date":"2022-12-22T12:56:28","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T16:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpstaging.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/?page_id=1899"},"modified":"2025-02-28T12:04:17","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T16:04:17","slug":"methods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/resources\/methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<h1>Methods<\/h1>\n<h2>NOSAMS General Statement of <sup>14<\/sup>C Procedures<\/h2>\n<p>Document describing general radiocarbon analysis procedures, calculations, and reporting conventions in place at NOSAMS.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/General-Statement-of-14C-Procedures_2023.pdf\">View document<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Calculations and Reporting of Results<\/h2>\n<p>Description of how radiocarbon measurements are made and the corrections applied to produce final results<b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/calculations-and-reporting-of-results\/\">View description<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>MICADAS GIS Methods<\/h2>\n<p>Description of analyses using the MICADAS gas interface system<b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/micadas-gis-methods\">View description<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Sample Preparation Protocols:<\/h2>\n<p>Organic Carbon (OC) Pretreatment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/ABAPretreatmentMethod.pdf\">Acid-Base-Acid (ABA) Pretreatment for Plant\/Wood (OC)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/AcidFumigationMethod.pdf\">Acid Fumigation (OC)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/SedimentPretreatmentMethod.pdf\">Pretreatment for Sediment (OC)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/OrganicCarbonMethod.pdf\">Combustion of Organic Carbon Samples (OC)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/InorganicCarbonMethod.pdf\">Acidification for Inorganic Carbon Samples (carbonates)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/DICWaterStrippingMethod.pdf\">Extraction of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) by Water Stripping<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Graphitization:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/02\/GraphiteReductionMethod.pdf\">Hydrogen Reduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2024\/02\/STGReductionMethod.pdf\">Sealed Tube Zinc Reduction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/03\/SwipeCollectionProtocol.pdf\">Contamination check sampling protocol (swipes)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/124\/2023\/06\/OC_foil_wrapping.mov\">Foil-wrapping loose organic carbon samples for submission (video)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lZuVQCUlFrA\">Organic Carbon Pretreatment System (OCtoPuS; video)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Publications Describing Methods:<\/h2>\n<p><b>UV Oxidation for Dissolved Organic Carbon<\/b> &#8211; <i>Ultraviolet oxidation of DOC samples<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Xu, L, Roberts, ML, Elder, KL, Kurz, MD, McNichol, AP, Reddy, CM, Ward, CP, Hanke, UM. 2021. Radiocarbon in Dissolved Organic Carbon by UV Oxidation: Procedures and Blank Characterization at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon, 63(1), 357-374. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/RDC.2020.102\">DOI: 10.1017\/RDC.2020.102<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Xu, L, Roberts, ML, Elder, KL, Gagnon, A, Kurz, MD. 2022. Radiocarbon in Dissolved Organic Carbon by UV Oxidation: An Update of Procedures and Blank Characterization at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon, 64(1), 195-199. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/RDC.2022.4\">DOI: 10.1017\/RDC.2022.4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<b>Extraction of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)<br \/>\nREDICS<\/b> &#8211; <i>A membrane transfer technique removes dissolved inorganic carbon from an acidified water sample in the form of CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/i>\n<p>Gospodinova, K, McNichol, AP, Gagnon, A, Walter, Shah, SR. 2016. Rapid extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating. Limnology and Oceanography &#8211; Methods 14:24-30, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/lom3.10066\">DOI: 10.1002\/lom3.10066<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Water Strip (WS)<\/b> &#8211; <i>Dissolved inorganic carbon is &#8220;stripped&#8221; in an automated system in our Sample Prep Lab using acidification and sparging with nitrogen to &#8220;strip&#8221; the evolving CO<sub>2<\/sub> from the water.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>McNichol, AP and Jones, GA, 1991 Measuring <sup>14<\/sup>C in seawater \u03a3CO2 by accelerator mass spectrometry, WHP operations and methods. In Joyce, T., Corry, C. and Stalcup, M., eds. 1991 WOCE Operations Manual. Part 3.1.2, Requirements for WHP Data Reporting. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, WHPO Publication 90-1: 71 p.<\/p>\n<p>McNichol, AP, Jones, GA, Hutton, DL, Gagnon, AR, Key, RM, 1994 The Rapid Preparation of Seawater Sigma-Co2 for Radiocarbon Analysis at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility. Radiocarbon 36(2):237-246, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033822200040522\">DOI: 10.1017\/S0033822200040522<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Graphitization Methods<\/b> &#8211; <i>reduction of CO<sub>2<\/sub> to solid carbon on iron catalyst<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Goehring B, Wilson J, Nichols K, A. 2019. A fully automated system for the extraction of in situ cosmogenic carbon-14 in the Tulane University cosmogenic nuclide laboratory. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 455:284-292, ISSN: 0168-583X; <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nimb.2019.02.006\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.nimb.2019.02.006<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vogel JS, Southon JR, Nelson DE, Brown TA, 1984. Performance of catalytically condensed carbon for use in accelerator mass spectrometry, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 5(2):289-293, ISSN 0168-583X, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-583X(84)90529-9\">DOI: 10.1016\/0168-583X(84)90529-9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pearson A, McNichol AP, Schneider RJ, von Reden KF. 1998. Microscale AMS <sup>14<\/sup>C measurement at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon 40(1):61-75, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033822200017902\">DOI: 10.1017\/S0033822200017902<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shah Walter, SR, Gagnon, AR, Roberts, ML, McNichol, AP, Gaylord, MC Lardie, Klein, E. 2015. Ultra-Small Graphitization Reactors for Ultra-Microscale C-14 Analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility. Radiocarbon 57(1):109-122, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2458\/azu_rc.57.18118\">DOI: 10.2458\/azu_rc.57.18118<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Elder, KL, Roberts, ML, Walther, T, Xu, L. 2019. Single step Production of graphite from organic Samples for Radiocarbon Measurements, Radiocarbon 61(6):1843-1854, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/RDC.2019.136\">DOI: 10.1017\/RDC.2019.136<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Data Reduction Methods<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Roberts, ML, Elder, KL, McNichol, AP, Jenkins, WJ, Gagnon, AR, Xu, L, Hlavenka, JD, Longworth, BE. 2019. 14C Blank Corrections for 25-100 \u03bcg Samples at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Laboratory. Radiocarbon, 61(5), 1403-1411 <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/RDC.2019.74\">DOI: 10.1017\/RDC.2019.74<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Methods NOSAMS General Statement of 14C Procedures Document describing general radiocarbon analysis procedures, calculations, and reporting conventions in place at NOSAMS. View document &nbsp; Calculations and Reporting of Results Description of how radiocarbon measurements are made and the corrections applied to produce final results. View description &nbsp; MICADAS GIS Methods Description of analyses using the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"parent":2376,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"tpl-sidebar.php","meta":{"advanced-sidebar-menu\/link-title":"","advanced-sidebar-menu\/exclude-page":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1899"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1899"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2818,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1899\/revisions\/2818"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/site\/nosams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}