{"id":27,"date":"2017-12-06T11:47:03","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T15:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/template-blue-prepop\/?page_id=27"},"modified":"2025-10-08T09:12:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T13:12:20","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t

Publications<\/h1>\n\t

2025<\/h3>\n

Shan, X., M. Spall, S. Sun, L. Wu, 2025: Beaufort Gyre Liquid Freshwater Content Change Under Greenhouse Warming From an Eddy\u2010Resolving Climate Simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett.,<\/em> 52,<\/strong> e2024GL113847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024GL113847<\/p>\n

Huang, J., R. Pickart, M. Spall, P. Meyers, F. Bahr, B. Kopec, E. Jeansson, J. Welker: Shelf-Fjord Exchange Regulated by Recirculating Greenland Meltwater in Glacial Troughs. submitted to Nature Geosciences.<\/em><\/p>\n

Liu, Y., D. G. Desbruyeres, H. Mercier, M. A. Spall, N. J. Fraser, G. Wang, 2025: Barotropic and baroclinic contributions to the Eulerian-mean downwelling in the western subpolar North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>130, <\/strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2025JC022469<\/p>\n

2024<\/h3>\n

Gu, S., Z. Liu, H. C. Ng, J. Lynch-Stieglitz, J. F. McManus, M. Spall, A. Jahn, C. He, L. Li, M. Yan, L. Wu, 2024: Open ocean convection drives enhanced eastern pathway of the glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,\u00a0<\/em>121,<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2405051121<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., S. Semper, K. Vage, 2024: Mechanisms of solid and liquid freshwater flux from the East Greenland Current<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>54,<\/strong> 379-397, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-23-0120.1<\/a> <\/p>\nSpall. M. A., 2024: An overlooked component of the meridional overturning circulation.<\/a> J.<\/em>
\nPhys. Oceanogr<\/em>., 54,<\/strong> 1921-1932, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-24-0019.1.\nSpall, M. A., 2024: A simple model for multiple equilibria in ice-covered oceans<\/a>. J. Phys.<\/em>
\nOceanogr.,<\/em> 54, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-24-0022.1<\/a><\/strong>\nShan*, X., S. Sun, L. Wu, M. A. Spall, 2024: Roles of the Labrador Current in the Atlantic<\/a>
\nMeridional Overturning Circulation responses to greenhouse warming. Nat. Commun.,<\/em> 15,<\/strong> 7361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-51449-9\nShan*, X., M. A. Spall, C. Pennelly, P. G. Meyers. Seasonal variability in Baffin Bay.<\/a>
\nJ. Geophys. Res., <\/em>129,<\/strong>e2024JC021038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JC02103\nPickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, F. Bahr, L. Lago, P. Lin, A. Pacini, M. Mills, J. Huang, K. R. Arrigo,
\nG. van Dijken, L. T. McRaven, S. Roberts. Vertical carbon export during a phytoplankton bloom<\/a>
\nin the Chukchi Sea. Part 1: Physical setting and frontal subduction.J. Geophys. Res.,<\/em> 129,<\/strong>e2024JC021465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JC021465\n

 <\/p>\n

2023<\/h3>\n

Huang, J., R. S. Pickart, N. Foukal, M. A. Spall, P. Lin, 2023: Structure and variability of the Barrow Canyon outflow from two high resolution shipboard surveys in 2018.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res.,<\/em> 128,<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2023JC019640<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2023: Wind-forced seasonal exchange between marginal seas and the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>53,<\/strong> 763-777. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-22-0151.1<\/a><\/p>\n

Leng*, H., H. He, M. A. Spall, 2023: A numerical investigation on the energetics of a current along and ice-covered continental slope.\u00a0 Ocean Science, <\/em>19, <\/strong>289-304. \u00a010.5194\/os-19-289-2023<\/a><\/p>\n

2022<\/strong><\/p>\nSpall, M. A., 2022: Wind-forced variability of the zonal overturning circulation.: J. Phys. Oceanogr. 52,<\/strong> 965-979, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-21-0174.1<\/a>
\n<\/em>\n

Liao, F., X. Liang, Y. Li,, and M. A. Spall, 2022: Hidden upwelling systems associated with major western boundary currents. J. Geophys Res., <\/em>127.<\/strong> DOI: 10.1029\/2021JC017649<\/p>\nLeng*, H, M. A. Spall, X. Bai, 2022: \u00a0Temporal Evolution of a Geostrophic Current under Sea Ice:
Analytical and Numerical Solutions. in press: J. Phys. Oceanogr., 52,<\/strong> 1191-1204, DOI:10.1175\/jpo-d-21-0242.1
\n<\/em>\n

Liu, Y., D. G. Desbruyeres, H. Mercier, M. A. Spall, 2022: Observation-Based Estimates of Eulerian-Mean Boundary Downwelling in the Western Subpolar North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett.,<\/em> 49,<\/strong> DOI:e2021GL097243.<\/p>\n

Guo*, H., M. A. Spall, J. Pedlosky, Z. Chen, 2022: A three-dimensional inertial moel for coastal upwelling along western boundaries. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>52,<\/strong> 2431-2444, DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JPO-D-22-0024.1<\/a><\/p>\n

2021<\/h3>\n

Guo*, H, and M. A. Spall, 2021: Topographic influences on wind-driven exchange between marginal seas and the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>51<\/strong>,3663-3678. DOI: 10.1175\/JPO-D-21-0058.1<\/a><\/p>\nSpall, M. A., 2021: An idealized modeling study of the mid-latitude variability of the wind-driven meridional overturning circulation<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>51,<\/strong> 2425-2441. DOI: 10.1175\/JPO-D-20-0317.1
\nSpall, M. A., M. Almansi, J. Huang, T. W. N. Haine, and R. S. Pickart, 2021: Lateral redistribution of heat and salt in the Nordic Seas<\/a>.\u00a0 Prog. Oceanogr., <\/em>196, <\/strong>102609, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pocean.2021.102609\nPacini, A., R. S. Pickart, A. LeBras, F. Straneo, N. P. Holliday, M. A. Spall, 2021: Cyclonic eddies in the West Greenland Boundary Current system<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,\u00a0<\/em>51,<\/strong> 2087-2102. DOI: 10.1175\/JPO-D-20-0255.1
\n<\/em>\nLeng*, H., M. A. Spall, R. S. Pickart, P. Lin and X. Bai, 2021: Origin and fate of the Chukchi Slope Current using a numerical model and in-situ data.<\/a> J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>126, <\/strong>e2021JC017291. https:\/\/
\ndoi.org\/10.1029\/2021JC017291\n

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, P. Lin, F. Bahr, L. T. McRaven, K. R. Arrigo, and J. M. Grebmeier 2021: Physical controls on the macrofaunal benthic biomass in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>126,<\/strong> e2020JC017091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020JC017091.<\/p>\n

2020<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2020: Potential vorticity dynamics of the Arctic halocline<\/a>, J. Phys. Oceanogr.50,<\/strong><\/em> 2491-2506. DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-20-0056.1<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., and D. Nieves, 2020: Wind-forced variability of the remote Meridional Overturning Circulation<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em>50,<\/strong> 455-469. DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-0190.1<\/p>\n

Ypma, S. L., M. A. Spall, E. Lambert, S. Georgiou, J. D. Pietrzak, C. A. Katsman, 2020: The contrasting dynamics of the buoyancy-forced Lofoten and Greenland basins<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,\u00a0<\/em>50, <\/strong>1227-1244, <\/strong>DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-2019-0280.1<\/p>\n

Kipp, L. E., M. A. Spall, R. S. Pickart, D. C. Kadko, W. S. Moore, J. S. Dabrowski, M. A. Charette, 2020: Observational andmodeling evidence of seasonal trends in sediment-derived material inputs to the Chukchi Sea<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>125,<\/strong> DOI:10.1029\/2019JC016007.<\/p>\n

2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Johnson, H. L., P. Cessi, D. P. Marshall, F. Schloesser, M. A. Spall, 2019: Recent contributions of theory to our understanding of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>124,<\/strong> 5376-5399. DOI:10.1029\/2019JC015330<\/p>\n

Renfrew, I. A., and co-authors, 2019: The Iceland Greenland Sea Project. BAMS, <\/em>1795-1817, DOI:10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0217.1<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2019: Dynamics and thermodynamics of the mean Transpolar Drift and ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean<\/a>.\u00a0J. Climate,<\/em>\u00a032,<\/strong> 8449-8463. DOI: 10.1175\/JCLI-D-19-0252.1<\/p>\n

Huang, J., R. S. Pickart, H. Valdimarsson, P. Lin, M. A. Spall, F. Xu, 2019: Structure and variability of the North Icelandic Jet from two years of mooring data<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res.,<\/em> 124,<\/strong> DOI:10.1029\/2019JC015134<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, P. Lin, W.-J. von Appen, D. Mastropole, H. Valdimarsson, T. W. N. Haine, M. Almansi, 2019: Frontogenesis and variability in Denmark Strait and its influence on overflow water<\/a>.\u00a0 J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 49,<\/strong> 1889-1904. DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-19-0053.1<\/p>\n

Li, M., R. S. Pickart, M. A. Spall, T. J. Weingartner, P. Lin, G. W. K. Moore, Y. Qi, 2019: Circulation of the Chukchi Sea shelfbreak and slope from moored timeseries<\/a>. Prog. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 172,<\/strong> 14-33. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pocean.2019.01.002<\/p>\n

2018<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bringedal, C., T. Eldevik, O. Skagseth, M. A. Spall, S. Osterhus, 2018: Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge<\/a>. J. Climate,<\/em> 31,<\/strong> 9881-9901. DOI:10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0889.1<\/p>\n

Lambert, E., T. Eldevik, M. A. Spall, 2018: On the dynamics and water mass transformation of a boundary current connecting alpha and beta oceans<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em>48,<\/strong> 2457-2475. DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-17-0186.1<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, M. Li, M. Itoh, P. Lin, T. Kikuchi, and Y. Qi, 2018: Transport of Pacific Water into the Canada Basin and the formation of the Chukchi Slope Current<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res., <\/em>123,<\/strong> 7453-7471. DOI:10.1029\/2018\/JC013825.<\/p>\n

Waldman, R., N. Bruggemann, A. Bosse, M. A. Spall, S. Somot, F. Sevault, 2018: Overturning the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation<\/a>. Geophys. Res. Lett.<\/em>, 45,<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018GL078502<\/p>\n

Nieves, D. and M. A. Spall, 2018: Propagation of North Atlantic Deep Water anomalies<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 48,<\/strong> 1831-1848. DOI:10.1175\/JPO-D-18-0068.<\/p>\n

Jensen, M. F., K. H. Nisancioglu, M. A. Spall, 2018: Large Changes in Sea Ice Triggered by Small Changes in Atlantic Water Temperature<\/a>, J. Climate<\/em>, 31<\/strong>,4847-4863. DOI:10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0802.1<\/p>\n

Katsman, C. A., S. S. Drijfhout, H. A. Dijkstra, M. A. Spall,, 2018:\u00a0Sinking of dense North Atlantic waters in a global ocean model: Locations and controls<\/a> J. Geophys. Res.,<\/em> 123<\/strong>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2017JC013329<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., J. Pedlosky, 2018: Shelf-Open Ocean exchange forced by wind jets.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 48, 163-174, doi:10.1175\/JPO-D-17-0161.1.<\/p>\n

Vage, K., L. Papritz, L. Havik, M. S. Spall, G. W. K. Moore, 2018: Ocean Convection linked to the recent ice edge retreat along east Greenland<\/a>. Nature Geo.,<\/em> 9,\u00a0 DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-018-03468-6.<\/p>\n

2017<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., R. H. Jackson, F. Straneo, 2017: Katabatic wind-driven exchange in fjords<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 122, 8246-8262, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JC013026.<\/p>\n

Liang, X., M. A. Spall, C. Wunsch, 2017: Global ocean vertical velocities from a dynamically consistent ocean state estimate.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 122,8202-8224, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JC012985<\/p>\n

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, D. J. Torres, K. V\u00e5ge, H. Valdimarsson, C. Nobre, G. W. K. Moore, S. Jonsson, and D. Mastropole, 2017: The North Icelandic Jet and its relationship to the North Icelandic Irminger Current<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 75,605-639.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., J. Pedlosky, C. Cenedese, 2017: Circulation Induced by Isolated Dense Water Formation over Closed Topographic Contours.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 47, 2251-2265.<\/p>\n

Manucharyan, G. E., A. F. Thompson, M. A. Spall, 2017: Eddy-Memory Mode of Multidecadal Variability in Residual-Mean Ocean Circulations with Application to the Beaufort Gyre<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 47, 855-866.<\/p>\n

2016<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2016: Wind-driven flow over topography<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 74, 229-248.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., and N. Schneider, 2016: Coupled ocean-atmosphere offshore decay scale of cold SST signals along upwelling eastern boundaries<\/a>. J. Climate.,<\/em> 29, 8317-8331.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., and L. N. Thomas, 2016: Downfront winds over buoyant coastal plumes.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 46, 3139-3154.<\/p>\n

Manucharyan, M. A. Spall, and A. F. Thompson, 2016: A theory of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre variability<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 46, 3263-3278.<\/p>\n

2015<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Manucharyan, G and M. A. Spall, 2015: Wind-driven freshwater buildup and release in the Beaufort Gyre constrained by mesoscale eddies<\/a>. Geophys. Res. Lett.,<\/em> 42, doi:10.1002\/2015GL065957.<\/p>\n

Pisareva, M. N., R. S. Pickart, M. A. Spall, C. Nobre, D. J. Torres, G. W. K. Moore, and T. E. Witledge, 2015: Flow of Pacific Water in the western Chukchi Sea: Results from the 2009 RUSALCA Expedition<\/a>. Deep Sea Res. I.,<\/em> 105, 53-73.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2015: Thermally forced transients in the thermohaline circulation.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>45, 2820-2835.<\/p>\n

Pedlosky, J., and M. A. Spall, 2015: The interaction of an eastward flowing current and an island: Sub- and supercritical flow<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>45, 2806-2819.<\/p>\n

Yasuda, Y, and M. A. Spall, 2015: Influences of time-dependent precipitation on water mass transformation, heat fluxes, and deep convection in marginal seas.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 45, 1822-1842.<\/p>\n

2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2014: Some influences of remote topography on western boundary currents<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 72, 73-94.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, E. T. Brugler, G. W. K. Moore, L. Thomas. K. R. Arrigo, 2014: Role of shelfbreak upwelling in the formation of a massive under-ice bloom in the Chukchi Sea.<\/a> Deep Sea Res. II,<\/em> 105, 17-29.<\/p>\n

2013<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2013: On the circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 43, 2352-2371.<\/p>\n

Vage K. J., R. S. Pickart, M. A. Spall, G.W.K. Moore, H. Valdimarsson, D. J. Torres, S. Y. Erofeev, J. E. \u00d8. Nilsen, 2013: Revised circulation scheme north of the Denmark Strait<\/a>. Deep Sea Res.,<\/em> 79, 20-39.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2013: Dense water formation around islands.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 118, 2507-2519.<\/p>\n

Wang, J., M. A. Spall, G. R. Flierl, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 2013: Nonlinear radiating instability of a barotropic eastern boundary current.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em>, 43,1439-1452.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., and J. Pedlosky, 2013: Interaction of Ekman layers and islands<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 43, 1028-1041.<\/p>\n

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, J. T. Mathis, 2013: Dynamics of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea and associated shelf-basin fluxes<\/a>. Deep Sea Res.,<\/em> 76, 35-51.<\/p>\n

2012<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Wang, M. A. Spall, G. R. Flierl, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 2012: A new mechanism for the generation of quasi-zonal jets in the ocean.<\/a> Geophys. Res. Lett.,<\/em> doi:10.\/1029\/2012GL051861.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2012: Influences of precipitation on water mass transformation and deep convection<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr,<\/em> 42, 1684-1700.<\/p>\n

2011<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pedlosky, J., R. Iacono, E. Napolitano, M. A. Spall, 2011: The two-layer skirted island<\/a>. J. Mar. Res,<\/em>69, 347-382.<\/p>\n

Vage, K., R. S. Pickart, M. A. Spall, H. Valdimarsson, S. Jonsson, D. J. Torres, S. Osterhus, T. Eldevik, 2011: Significant role of the North Icelandic Jet in the formation of Denmark Strait overflow water.<\/a> Nature Geosci., <\/em>doi:10.1038\/NGEO1234.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2011: On the role of eddies and surface forcing in the heat transport and overturning circulation in marginals seas<\/a>. J. Climate,<\/em> 24, 4844-4858.<\/p>\n

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, G. W. K. Moore, T. J. Weingartner, R. A. Woodgate, K. Aagaard, K. Shimada, 2011: Upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Atmospheric forcing and local versus non-local response<\/a>. Prog. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 88, 78-100.<\/p>\n

2010<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hristova, H., H. Dijkstra, M. A. Spall, 2010: Onset of time-dependence in a double-gyre circulation: Barotropic basin modes versus classical baroclinic modes<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 68,215-236<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2010: Dynamics of downwelling in an eddy-resolving convective basin.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 40,2341-2347<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2010: Non-local topographic influences on deep convection: An idealized model for the Nordic Seas<\/a>. Ocean Model.,<\/em> 32, 72-85, doi:10.1016\/j.ocemod.2009.10.009<\/p>\n

2009<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Deshayes, J., F. Straneo, M. A. Spall, 2009: Mechanisms of variability in a convective basin<\/a>.\u00a0 J. Mar. Res., <\/em>31, 273-303.<\/p>\n

Durland, T. S., J. Pedlosky, M. A. Spall, 2009: Response to a steady poleward outflow, part I: The linear quasigeostrophic problem<\/a>.\u00a0 J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>39, 1541-1550.<\/p>\n

Durland, T. S., M. A. Spall, J. Pedlosky, 2009: Response to a steady poleward outflow, part II: Oscillations and eddies<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>39,1551-1573.<\/p>\n

2008<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2008: Buoyancy-forced downwelling in boundary currents.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>38, 2704-2721.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2008: Low-frequency interaction between horizontal and overturning gyres in the ocean<\/a>. Geophys. Res. Lett., <\/em>35, L18614, doi:10.1029\/2008GL035206.<\/p>\n

Iovino, D, F. Straneo, M. A. Spall, 2008: On the effect of a sill on dense water formation in a marginal sea<\/a>. J. Mar. Res., <\/em>66, 325-345.<\/p>\n

Pratt, L. J., and M. A. Spall, 2008: Circulation and exchange in choked marginal seas.<\/a>\u00a0 J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>38, 2639-2661<\/p>\n

Hristova, H, J. Pedlosky, and M. A. Spall, 2008: Radiating instability of a meridional boundary current<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr<\/em>., 38, 2294-2307<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, P. S. Fratantoni, A. J. Plueddemann, 2008: Western Arctic shelfbreak eddies: formation and transport.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>38, 1644-1668<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., R. S. J. Pedlosky, 2008: Lateral coupling in baroclinically unstable flows.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>38, 1267-1277.<\/p>\n

Small, R. J., S. P. deSzoeke, S. P. Xie, L. O’Neil, H. Seo, Q. Song, P. Cornillon, M. Spall, S. Minobe, 2008: Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies<\/a>. \u00a0Dyn. Atmos. Ocean<\/em>, 43, 274-319.<\/p>\n

2007<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A. 2007. Circulation and water mass transformation in a model of the Chukchi Sea<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr. <\/em>, 112, C05025,doi:10.1029\/2005JC002264<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A. , 2007. Midlatitude wind stress–sea surface temperature coupling in the vicinity of oceanic fronts<\/a>. J. Climate <\/em>, 20, 3785-3801.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A.,\u00a0 2007. Effect of sea surface temperature–wind stress coupling on baroclinic instability in the ocean<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr. <\/em>, 37, 1092-1097.<\/p>\n

Pickart, R. S. and M. A. Spall, 2007. Impact of Labrador Sea convection on the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr. <\/em>, 37, 2207-2227.<\/p>\n

2006<\/strong><\/h3>\n

No publications<\/p>\n

2005<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pedlosky, J. and M. A. Spall, 2005. Boundary intensification of vertical velocity in a beta-plane basin<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr. <\/em>35, 2487-2500.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 2005. Buoyancy-forced circulations in shallow marginal seas.<\/a> J. Mar. Res. <\/em>63, 729-752.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., J. Pedlosky, 2005. Reflection and Transmission of Equatorial Rossby Waves<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr. <\/em>35, 363-373.<\/p>\n

2004<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, M. A., 2004. Boundary currents and water mass transformation in marginal seas.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 34, 1197-1213<\/p>\n

Katsman, C. A., M. A. Spall, R. S. Pickart, 2004. Boundary current eddies and their role in the restratification of the Labrador Sea<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em> 34, 1967-1983 .<\/p>\n

2003<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Weller, R. A., P. W. Furey, M. A. Spall, and R. E. Davis, 2003. The large-scale context for oceanic subduction in the Northeast Atlantic.<\/a> Deep-Sea Res.<\/em>, 51, 665-69.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 2003. Islands in zonal flow<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 33, 2689-2701.<\/p>\n

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, M. H. Ribergaard, G. W. K. Moore, and R. F. Milliff, 2003. Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet.<\/a> Nature<\/em>, 424,152-156.<\/p>\n

Pratt, L. J., and M. A. Spall, 2003. A porous-medium theory for barotropic flow through ridges and archipelagos<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 33, 2702-2718.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., R. S. Pickart, 2003. Wind-driven recirculations and exchange in the Labrador and Irminger Seas<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 33,1829-1845.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 2003. On the thermohaline circulation in flat bottom marginal seas<\/a>. J.\u00a0 Mar. Res,<\/em>, 61, 1-25.<\/p>\n

2002<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., 2002. Wind- and buoyancy-forced upper ocean circulation in two-strait marginal seas with application to the Japan \/ East Sea<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res.<\/em>, 107(C1), 6.1-6.12.<\/p>\n

2001<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., R. S. Pickart, 2001. Where does dense water sink? A subpolar gyre example.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 31(3), 810-825.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael, A., 2001. Large-scale circulations forced by localized mixing over sloping bottom,<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.,<\/em> 31(8), 2369-2384.<\/p>\n

Blackmon, M., and 25 co-authors, including M. Spall, 2001. The Community climate system model. <\/a>Bull.\u00a0 Am. Meteorol. Soc.<\/em>, 82(11), 2357-2376.<\/p>\n

2000<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., 2000. Buoyancy-forced circulations around islands and ridges.<\/a> J. Mar. Res.<\/em>, 58(6), 957-982.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael, A., Robert Weller and Peter Furey, 2000. Modeling the three-dimensional upper ocean heat budget and subduction rate during the Subduction Experiment.<\/a>\u00a0 J. Geophys. Res.,<\/em> 105(C11), 26,151-26,166.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 2000. Generation of strong mesoscale eddies by weak ocean gyres<\/a>. J. Mar. Res., <\/em>58, 97-116.<\/p>\n

Joyce, Terrence M., Clara Deser and Michael A. Spall, 2000. On the relation between decadal variability of Subtropical Mode Water and the North Atlantic Oscillation<\/a>. J. Climate<\/em>, 13(14), 2550-2569.<\/p>\n

1999<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pedlosky, Joseph, and Michael Spall. 1999. Rossby normal modes in basins with barriers<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr., <\/em>29(9), 2332-2349.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1999. A simple model of the large scale circulation of Mediterranean water and Labrador Sea water<\/a>. Deep Sea Res. II<\/em>, 46, 181-204.<\/p>\n

1998<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., and David C. Chapman, 1998. On the efficiency of baroclinic eddy heat transport across narrow fronts.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 28(11), 2275-2287.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., and James F. Price, 1998. Mesoscale variability in Denmark Strait: the PV outflow hypothesis<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 28(8), 1598-1623.<\/p>\n

1997<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pedlosky, Joseph, Lawrence J. Pratt, Michael A. Spall and Karl R. Helfrich, 1997. Circulation around islands and ridges<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.<\/em> 55(6), 1199-1251.<\/p>\n

Spall, M. A., 1997. Baroclinic jets in confluent flow<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 27(6), 1054-1071.<\/p>\n

Visbeck, Martin, John Marshall, Tom Haine and Mike A. Spall, 1997. Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse-resolution ocean circulation models<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 27(3), 381-402.<\/p>\n

Pickart, Robert S., Michael A. Spall and J. R. N. Lazier, 1997. Mid-depth ventilation in the western boundary current system of the subpolar gyre.<\/a> Deep-Sea Research<\/em>, 44(6), 1025-1054.<\/p>\n

1996<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1996. Dynamics of the Gulf Stream\/Deep Western Boundary Current Crossover. Part II: Low-frequency internal oscillations<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 26(10), 2169-2182.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1996. Dynamics of the Gulf Stream\/Deep Western Boundary Current crossover. Part I: Entrainment and recirculation.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 26(10), 2152-2168.<\/p>\n

1995<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Williams, Richard G., Michael A. Spall and John C. Marshall, 1995. Does Stommel’s mixed-layer ‘demon’ work?<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 25(12), 3089-3102.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1995. Frontogenesis, subduction, and cross-front exchange at upper ocean fronts<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res.<\/em>, 100(C2), 2543-2558<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1994. Wave-induced abyssal recirculations.<\/a> J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 52, 1051-1080.<\/p>\n

Polvani, L. M., J. C. McWilliams, M. A. Spall and R. Ford, 1994. The coherent structures of shallow-water turbulence: Deformation-radius effects, cyclone\/anticyclone asymmetry and gravity-wave generation<\/a>. Chaos<\/em>, 4(2), 177-186.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1994. A mechanism for low frequency variability and salt flux in the Mediterranean salt tongue.<\/a> J. Geophys. Res.<\/em>, 99(C5), 10,121-10,130.<\/p>\n

1993<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., Philip L. Richardson and James Price, 1993. Advection and eddy mixing in the Mediterranean salt tongue<\/a>. J. Mar. Res.,<\/em> 51(4), 797-818.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1993. Variability of sea surface salinity in stochastically forced systems.<\/a> Climate Dyn.<\/em>, 8, 151-160.<\/p>\n

1992<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., and James C. McWilliams, 1992. Rotational and gravitational influences on the degree of balance in the shallow water equations. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn.,<\/em> 64, 1-29.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1992. Rossby wave radiation in the Cape Verde Frontal Zone.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 22(7), 796-807.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1992. Cooling spirals and recirculation in the subtropical gyre<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 22(5), 564-571.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., and William R. Holland, 1991. A nested primitive equation model for oceanic applications<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 21(2), 205-220.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1991. A diagnostic study of the wind and buoyancy driven North Atlantic Circulation<\/a>. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans<\/em>, 96(C10), 18,509-18,518.<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., and Allan R. Robinson, 1990. Regional primitive equation studies of the Gulf Stream meander and ring formation region<\/a>. J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 20(7), 985-1016.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1990. Circulation in the Canary Basin: a model\/data analysis <\/a>J. Geophys. Res.<\/em>, 95(C6), 9611-9628.<\/p>\n

1989<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spall, Michael A., and Allan R. Robinson, 1989. A new hybrid coordinate open ocean primitive equation model. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation<\/em>, 31, 241-269.<\/p>\n

Spall, Michael A., 1989. Regional primitive equation modeling and analysis of the POLYMODE data set.<\/a> Dyn. Atmospheres and Oceans<\/em>, 14(1-2), 125-174.<\/p>\n

Robinson, Allan R., Michael A. Spall, Leonard J. Walstad and Wayne G. Leslie, 1989. Data assimilation and dynamical interpolation in GULFCAST experiments.<\/a> Dyn. Atmos. Oceans<\/em>, 13, 301-316.<\/p>\n

1988<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Robinson, Allan R., Michael A. Spall and Nadia Pinardi, 1988. Gulf Stream simulation and the dynamics of ring and meander processes.<\/a> J. Phys. Oceanogr.<\/em>, 18(12), 1811-1853.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Publications 2025 Shan, X., M. Spall, S. Sun, L. Wu, 2025: Beaufort Gyre Liquid Freshwater Content Change Under Greenhouse Warming From an Eddy\u2010Resolving Climate Simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, e2024GL113847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024GL113847 Huang, J., R. Pickart, M. Spall, P. Meyers, F. Bahr, B. Kopec, E. Jeansson, J. Welker: Shelf-Fjord Exchange Regulated by Recirculating Greenland Meltwater in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":162,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":545,"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions\/545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/mspall\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}