Publications
2018
Grimshaw, R. and K. R. Helfrich 2018. Internal solitary wave generation by tidal flow over topography. J. Fluid Mech. 839, 387–407. doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.21.
Passaggia, P.-Y., K. R. Helfrich and B. L. White 2018. Optimal transient growth in thin-interface internal solitary waves. J. Fluid Mech. 840, 342-378. doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.19.
2017
Wheeler, J. D , E. Lou, K. R. Helfrich, E. J. Anderson, V. R. Starczak, and L. S. Mullineaux 2017. Light stimulates swimming behavior of larval eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica in turbulent. Mar. Ecology Prog. Series 571, 109–120. doi:10.3354/meps12106.
2016
Ogden, K. A. and K. R. Helfrich 2016. Internal hydraulic jumps in two-layer flows with upstream shear. J. Fluid Mech. 789, 64–92, doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.727.
2015
Alford, M. H., T. Peacock, et al. 2015. The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea. Nature 521, 65–69. doi:10.1038/nature14399.
Wheeler, J. D., K. R. Helfrich, E. J. Anderson and L. S. Mullineaux 2015. Isolating the hydrodynamic triggers of the diver response in the larval eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), Limnology & Oceano. 60, 1332–1343.
Pineda, J. V. Starczak, J. da Silva, K. Helfrich, M. Thompson and D. Wiley 2015. Whales and waves: humpback whale foraging response and the shoaling of internal waves at Stellwagen Bank. J. Geophys. Res. 120, doi:10.1002/2014JC010564.
2014
Grimshaw, R., C. Guo, K. Helfrich and V. Vlasenko, 2014. Combined effect of rotation and topography on shoaling oceanic internal solitary waves. J. Phys. Oceano. 44, 1116-1132, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-0194.1
Luzzatto-Fegiz, P. and K. R. Helfrich. 2014. Laboratory experiments and simulations for solitary internal waves with trapped cores. J. Fluid Mech. 757, 354–380, doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.501.
White, B. L. and K. R. Helfrich 2014. Internal bores in continuous stratifications. J. Fluid Mech. 761, 282–304.
2013
White, B. L., and K. R. Helfrich, 2013. Rapid gravitational collapse of a horizontal shear layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 721, 86–117.
Grimshaw, R., K. Helfrich and E. R. Johnson 2013. Experimental study of the effect of rotation on nonlinear internal waves. Phys. Fluids 25, 056602, doi:10.1063/1.4805092.
Wheeler, J. D ,K. R. Helfrich, E. J. Anderson, B.McGann, P. Staats, A. E. Wargula, K. Wilt, and L. S. Mullineaux. 2013. Upward swimming of competent oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) persists in highly turbulent flow as detected by PIV flow subtraction. Mar. Ecology Prog. Series 488, 171–185. DOI: 10.3354/meps10382.
Mercier, M., L. Gostiaux, K. Helfrich, J. Sommeria, S. Viboud, H. Didelle, Sasan J. Ghaemsaidi, T. Dauxois and T. Peacock, 2013. Large-scale, realistic laboratory modeling of the M2 internal tide generation at the Luzon Strait. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5704–5709.
2012
Grimshaw, R. H. J., and K. R. Helfrich, 2012. The effect of rotation on internal solitary waves. IMA J. Appl. Maths., doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxs024.
Grimshaw, R., K. Helfrich and E. R. Johnson, 2012. The reduced Ostrovsky equation: integrability and breaking. Std. Appl. Math. 129, 414–436.
White, B. L., and K. R. Helfrich, 2012. A general description of a gravity current front propagating in a two-layer stratified fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 711, 545–575.
2011
Ostrovsky, L., and K. R. Helfrich, 2011. Strongly nonlinear, simple internal waves in continuously-stratified, shallow fluids. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 18, 91–102.
DiBacco, C., H. L. Fuchs, J. Pineda, and K. R. Helfrich, 2011. Swimming behavior and velocities of barnacle cyprides in a downwelling flume. Marine Ecology Prog. Series, 433, 131–148.
2010
Pedlosky, J., R. Iacono, E. Napolitano, and K. R. Helfrich, 2010.The skirted island: the effect of topography on the flow around planetary scale islands. Journal of Marine Research, 67, 435–478.
Helfrich, K. R., and B. L. White, 2010. A model of internal solitary waves with trapped cores. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 17, 303–318.
2008
Pratt, L. J., and K. R. Helfrich, 2008. On the stability of ocean overflows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 602, 241–266.
Grimshaw, R., and K. R. Helfrich, 2008. Long-time solutions of the Ostrovsky equation. Studies in Applied Mathemetics, 121, 71–88.
Helfrich, K. R., 2008, Continuously stratified nonlinear low-mode internal tides. Journal of Marine Research, 25, 299–323.
White, B. L., and K. R. Helfrich, 2008. Gravity currents and internal waves in a continuously stratified fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 616, 327–356.
Da Silva, J. C. B., and K. R. Helfrich, 2008. Synthetic aperture radar observations of resonantly generated internal solitary waves at Race Point Channel (Cape Cod), Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C11016, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005004.
2007
Helfrich, K. R., 2007. The decay and return of internal solitary waves with rotation. Physics of Fluids, 19, 026601.
Pratt, L. J., U. Riemenschneider, and K. R. Helfrich, 2007. A transverse hydraulic jump in a model of the Faroe Bank Channel outflow. Ocean Modeling, 19, 1–9.
2006
Helfrich, K. R., 2006. Nonlinear adjustment of a localized layer of buoyant, uniform potential vorticity fluid against a vertical wall. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 41, 149-171.
Helfrich, K. R., and W. K. Melville, 2006. Long nonlinear internal waves. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 38, 395-425.
Wells, J. R., and K. R. Helfrich, 2006. Mixing at the head of a canyon: A laboratory investigation of fluid exchanges in a rotating, stratified basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, C12009, doi:10.1029/2006JC003667.
2005
Helfrich, K. R., and J. C. Mullarney, 2005. Gravity currents from a dam-break in a rotating channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 536, 253-283.
Pratt, L. J., and K. R. Helfrich, 2005. Generalized Conditions for Hydraulic Criticality of Oceanic Overflows. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35(10), 1782-1800.
2004
Holtegard-Neilsen, M., L. J. Pratt, and K. R. Helfrich, 2004. Mixing and entrainment in hydraulically-driven, stratified sill flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 15, 415-443.
Siddall, M., L. J. Pratt, K. R. Helfrich, and L. Giosan, 2004. Testing the physical implications of the sudden Black Sea infill 8400 years ago. Paleoceanography, 19, PA1024, doi:10.1029/2003PA000 903.
Wells, J., and K. R. Helfrich, 2004. Localized boundary mixing in a rotating, stratified fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 516, 83-113.
Yuan, G.-C., M. S. Lozier, L. J. Pratt, C. K. R. T. Jones, and K. R. Helfrich, 2004. Estimating predictability of an oceanic time series using linear and nonlinear methods. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, C08002, doi:10.1029/2003JC002148.
2003
Helfrich, K. R., and J. Pineda, 2003. Accumulation of particles in propagating fronts. Limnology and Oceanography, 48(4), 1509-1520.
Helfrich, K. R., and L. J. Pratt, 2003. Rotating hydraulics and upstream basin circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33, 1651-1663.
2002
Deese, H. E., L. J. Pratt, and K. R. Helfrich, 2002. A laboratory model of exchange and mixing between western boundary layers and sub-basin recirculation gyres. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 1870-1889.
Lentz, S. J., and K. R. Helfrich, 2002. Buoyant gravity currents along a sloping bottom in a rotating fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 464 251-278.
Miller, P. D., L. J. Pratt, K. R. Helfrich, and C. K. R. T. Jones, 2002. Chaotic transport of mass and potential vorticity for an island recirculation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 80-102.
Stern, M. E., and K. R. Helfrich, 2002. Propagation of a finite-amplitude potential vorticity front along the wall of a stratified fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 468, 179-204.
2001
Wells, J. R., and K. R. Helfrich, 2001. Circulation around a thin zonal island. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 37, 301-323.
2000
Pratt, L. J., K. R. Helfrich, and E. Chassignet, 2000. Hydraulic adjustment to an obstacle in a rotating channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 404, 117-149.
1999
Helfrich, K. R., Allen C. Kuo, and L. J. Pratt, 1999. Nonlinear Rossby adjustment in a channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 390, 187-222.
Helfrich, K. R., J. Pedlosky, and E. Carter, 1999. The shadowed island. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 2559-2577.
Wylie, J J., K. R. Helfrich, B. Dade, J. R. Lister, and J. F. Salzig, 1999. Flow localization in fissure eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 60, 432-440.
1998
Helfrich, K., T. Joyce, G. Cannon, S. Harrington, and D. J. Pashinski, 1998. Mean hydrographic and velocity sections near Pipe Organ Vent at Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1737-1740.
Joyce, T. M., G. A. Cannon, K. R. Helfrich, S. A. Harrington, and D. J. Pashinski, 1998. Vertical and temporal vorticity observations at Juan de Fuca Ridge: Hydrothermal signatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1741-1744.
1997
Pedlosky, J., L. J. Pratt, M. A. Spall, and K. R. Helfrich, 1997. Circulation around islands and ridges. Journal of Marine Research, 55, 1199-1251.
1996
Speer, K. G., and K. R. Helfrich, 1996. Hydrothermal plumes: A review of flow and fluxes. In: Hydrothermal Vents and Processes, L. M. Parson, C. L. Walker, and D. R. Dixon, Editors, Geological Society Special Publication No. 87, pp. 373-386.
1995
Grimshaw, R. H. J., and K. R. Helfrich, 1995. Solitary waves on two-dimensional slab conduits of buoyant fluid in a more viscous fluid. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 79, 223-238.
Helfrich, K. R., 1995. Thermo-viscous fingering of flow in a thin gap: A model of magma flow in dikes and fissures. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 305, 219-238.
Helfrich, K. R., 1995. Time-dependent two-layer hydraulic exchange flows. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(3), 359-373.
Helfrich, K. R., and J. Pedlosky, 1995. Large-amplitude coherent anomalies in baroclinic zonal flows. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52, 1615-1629.
Helfrich, K. R., and K. G. Speer, 1995. Oceanic hydrothermal circulation: mesoscale and basin-scale flow. AGU Monograph 91, Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions, 347-356.
1994
Helfrich, K. R., 1994. Thermals with background rotation and stratification. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 259, 265-280.
Kim, S. L., L. S. Mullineaux, and K. R. Helfrich, 1994. Larval dispersal via entrainment into hydrothermal vent plumes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(C6), 12655-12665.
1993
Helfrich, Karl R., and Joseph Pedlosky, 1993. Time-dependent isolated anomalies in zonal flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 251, 377-409.
1992
Grimshaw, R. H. J., K. R. Helfrich, and J. A. Whitehead, 1992. Conduit solitary waves in a visco-elastic medium. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 65, 127-147.
Helfrich, K. R., 1992. Internal solitary wave breaking and run-up on a uniform slope. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 243, 133-154.
1991
Helfrich, K. R., and T. M. Battisti, 1991. Experiments on baroclinic vortex shedding from hydrothermal plumes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C7), 12,511-12,518.
Whitehead, J. A., and K. R. Helfrich, 1991. Instability of flow with temperature-dependent viscosity: A model of magma dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(B3), 4145-4155.
1990
Adams, E. E., D. J. Cosler, and K. R. Helfrich, 1990. Evaporation from heated water bodies: predicting combined force plus free convection. Water Resources Research, 26(3), 425-435.
Helfrich, K. R., and W. K. Melville, 1990. Review of dispersive and resonant effects in internal wave propagation. The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, L. J. Pratt, editor, NATO/ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht; pp. 391-420.
Whitehead, J. W., and K. R. Helfrich, 1990. Magma waves and diapiric dynamics. Magma Transport and Storage, Michael L. Ryan, editor, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 53-76.
1989
Helfrich, K. R., and J. A. Whitehead, 1989. Solitary waves on conduits of buoyant fluid in a more viscous fluid. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 51, 35-52.
1988
Helfrich, K. R., and U. Send, 1988. Finite-amplitude evolution of two-layer geostrophic vortices. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 197, 331-348.
Whitehead, J. A., and K. R. Helfrich, 1988. Wave transport of deep mantle material. Nature, 336, 59-61.
1987
Melville, W. K., and K. R. Helfrich, 1987. Transcritical two-layer flow over topography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 178, 31-52.
1986
Helfrich, K. R., and W. K. Melville, 1986. On long nonlinear internal waves over slope-shelf topography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 167, 285-308.
Whitehead, J. A., and K. R. Helfrich, 1986. The Korteweg-de Vries equation from laboratory conduit and magma migration equations. Geophysical Research Letters, 13, 545-546.
1984
Helfrich, K. R., W. K. Melville, and J. W. Miles, 1984. On interfacial solitary waves over variable top-ography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 149, 305-317.