Physical oceanography. Primary interests lie in the study and observation of ocean circulation and variability as they relate to the large-scale transport and convergence of mass, heat, freshwater and the ocean’s nutrient and chemical constituents. This focus supports investigation into the ocean’s energy budget and chemical cycles and their role in predicting a changing future for the global environment and includes a particular emphasis deep/abyssal properties and their pathways. Other research includes using natural, anthropogenic, and simulated tracers to understand ocean circulation and mixing. Is a member of the ad hoc group supporting Science RoCS and is presently co-chair and interim project manager for U.S. GO-SHIP.